Chapter 1 — Atmosphere of the Home

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       tdrfaxmifonfvlYtzGJUtpnf;\tajctjrpfjzpfygonf/

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfckwGif rdom;pkrsm;yg0ifygonf/ xkdrdom;pkrsm;\ tdrfaxmifOD;pD;rsm;onf ,if;vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk OD;aqmifwnfaqmuf xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ESvHk;onf touf\tajctjrpfjzpfouJhodkY ¤if;ESihfwlonfhrdom;pkonf vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfck\tajctjrpfjzpf\/ tvm;wlyif toif;awmf\tajctjrpfonfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;jynf wpfjynf\tajctjrpfonfvnf;aumif; tdrfaxmifpkrsm;yifjzpfMu\/ ,if;odkYjzpf&m vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfck\aumif;pm;a&;? toif;awmf\ atmifjrifa&;? wdkif;jynfwpfck\wdk;wufzGHUûzd;a&;rsm;wdkYonf tdrfaxmif wpfckpD\ûyjyifpDrHay;rIay:wGif wnfrSDygonf/

         tem*wfvlYtzGJYtpnf;wpfck\wdk;wufrI? (odkYr[kwf) qkwf,kwfrIonf ,aeYvli,frsm;\tusihfp½dkufrsm;ay:wGif wnfae ygonf/ vli,fwdkYonf twwfynmqnf;yl;aecsdefwGif aumif;aom tavhtusihf&Sdjcif;? rdrdudk,fudkrdrdcsKyfwnf;jcif;? rl;,pfaq;0g;  a&SmifMuOfjcif; ponfwdkYudkrdbwdkYonfyHkoGif;ay;ygu oufqdkif&m vlYtzGJUtpnf;onfvnf; wdk;wufzGHUûzd;vmvdrfhrnf/ vli,fwdkYtm; vrf;ñTefOD;aqmifjcif;? BuD;MuyfuGyfuJjcif;r&Sdygu udk,fpdwftvdkodkY vdkufwwfí umr*kPfvdkufpm;wyfrufjcif; ponfhvlYtzGJUtpnf;jzpf vmvdrfhrnf/ aemiftcg ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmwGifjzpfay:vmrnfh tem*wf vlYtzGJUtpnf;onf ,aeYvli,frsm;usifhpOfrsm;ay:wGif rlwnfygonf/

       om,mqHk;aomaumif;uifEdkifiHawmf\yHkpHerlem – tdrfaxmif[kac:wGifonfhtwdkif; ¤if;a0g[m&ESihfudkufnDoifhygonf/ tdrfaxmifonf ajrBuD;ay:wGif&Sdaom aumif;uifi,fuav;yrm

                             pHjytdrfaxmif                                4

cspfcifMuifemwwfaomoabmudk ûypkysKd;axmif&rnf/ zdpD;ESdyfuGyf xm;jcif;rûyoifhyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfcsrf;omrIonf arwåmw&m;ESihf Muifemjcif;w&m;udkûypkysKd;axmifí wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rSefuef aom,Ofaus;rIESihf qufqHjcif;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnfygonf/

         tom,mqHk;aomaumif;uiftdrfaxmifrsKd;onf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfOD;pD;em,uûyaomae&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf udk vdkufavQmufusihfoHk;MuvQif cifyGef;ESihfZeD;wdkYonf wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ½dkaojrwfEdk; udk;pm;Murnfjzpfonf/

       ta&;BuD;aomtdrfaxmif\ywf0ef;usif – rdcifESihfzcif wdkY\touf0dnmOfrsm;udk 0ef;&Hxm;vsuf&Sdaom ywf0ef;usifoabm w&m;rsm;onf wpftdrfaxmifvHk;wGif jynfhodyfvsuf&Sdí tdrfaxmif\ tpdwftydkif;wdkif;wGif awGUjrifod&SdEdkifayonf/

         trsm;tm;jzihfrdbrsm;onf tdrfaxmif\todkuft0ef;wGif &Sdtyf aomtajctaeudk zefwD;ay;Muonf/ tazESihftarwdkYpyfMum;wGifvnf; ,if;tajctaersKd;onf a&mifjyef[yfaewwfonf/ oifwdkY\ tdrfaxmif ywf0ef;usifudk arT;êudifíMuifemaxmufxm;wwfaomoabmwdkYjzihf wefqm qifxm;ygonf/ oifüpdrf;um;&ufpufaom pdwf0ifvmí or®mw&m;ESihf avsmfnDaom c&pf,mefyDorIr&Sdaomtcg rdrdudk,fudkrdrd qHk;ryg/ pdwfajymif; vJyg/ oifonf aumif;uifbHkü oefY&Sif;olwpfOD; jzpfvdkygu ajrBuD;ay: wGiftpûy&rnf/ oif\ toufwmwGif oifESpf oufarG;jrLxm;aom tusihf pm&dwåonf aojcif; w&m;tm;jzifhvnf; aumif;? xajrmuf&Sifjyefjcif; w&m; tm;jzihfvnf; aumif; ajymif;vJoGm; rnfr[kwfyg/ oif\ tdrfaxmifESihf ywf0ef;usifu ygvmonfh yuwd pdwfaeoabmxm;ESihfyifoifonf oif\*locsKØif;wGif;rS xvmrnfjzpfyg onf/ c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvm awmfrlaom
                                    tdrfaxmif\ywf0ef;usif                     5

tcg uREfkyfwdkY\tusihfpm&dwåudk ajymif;vJí&awmhrnfr[kwfyg/ yHkoP²mef ajymif;vJjcif;udk ,ckrsufarSmufumvwGif ûyvkyf&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\tqHk; pGefaomb0udk uREfkyfwdkY\aeYpOftoufwmu qHk;jzwf vdrfhrnf/

       oefY&Sif;aomywf0ef;usifzefwD;ay;jcif; – c&pf,mef tdrfaxmifwdkif;wGif pnf;urf;&Sdoifhygonf/ rdbESpfyg;wdkY\tcsif;csif; ajymqdkqufqHyHkESihftrlt&mrsm;onf om;orD;rsm;tm;jzpfvmapvdkonf twdkif; jrwfEdk;zG,faomyHkpHerlemrsm;jzpfoihfygonf/ oefYpifaomtajym tqdkESihf rSefuefaomc&pf,mef,Ofaus;rIudk jrJpGJusihfoHk;oifhygonf/ om;orD;rsm;ESihfvli,frsm;tm; tcsif;csif;av;pm;&efESihf bk&m;ocifudk aMumuf½GHU½dkaoí usihf0wfusihfpOfrsm;udk vdkufemapmihfa&Smuf&ef vrf;ñTef Muyfrwf&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfwdkYudkvnf; apmihfa&Smuf½dkao av;pm;&ef oifMum;ay;&rnf/

         þusihf0wfusihfpOfrsm;onf olwdkY\toufwmudkvnf;aumif;? vltrsm;ESihfaygif;oif;qufqH&mwGifvnf;aumif; axmufrvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf 0dnmOfcGeftm;enf;aomtaygif;tazmfrsm;tm; oefY&Sif;&m EdkifiHawmfodkYoGm;&efvrf;ESihf oefY&Sif;jzLpifaomywf0ef;usifudk zefwD; ay;Muvdrfhrnf/ oifwdkY\qHk;rMo0g’wdkif;onf tqifhtwef;jrihfí rGefjrwfaomtaMumif;tcsufrsm;jzpfoifhygonf/ odkYrSomvQif w&m; pD&if&maeYodkYa&mufaomtcg toufpmapmifrsm;wGif &SufaMumufjcif; ESihfuif;pifaomrSwfwrf;rsm;udk awGUjrif&vdrfhrnf/

         ,if;oifMum;csufrsm;udk &&Sdxm;aomom;orD;rsm;onf BuD;av; aomwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifEdkifí ¤if;wdkY\yHkpHerlemusihfpOf rsm;t& olwpfyg;wdkYtm; trSefw&m;udkvrf;jyvdrfhrnf/ udk,fusihf w&m;udkvdkuf pm;olrsm;uvnf; xdkusihf0wfpOfrSefrsm;udk av;pm;Mu

                                          pHjytdrfaxmif                             6

vdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\um,cGeftm;? OmPpGrf;tifESihfusihf0wfusihfpOfwdkYudk twk,lMuvdrfhrnf/ xdkodkYaomolrsm;onf cdkifcHhjrJjrHaom eH&HESihfumuG,f xm;NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh raumif;rIudkaoG;aqmifonfh’kp½dkufudk vG,ful pGmausmcdkif;EdkifMuvdrfhrnf/

       &Tifvef;csrf;ajrhzG,fjzpfaomtdrfaxmifrsKd;wnfaxmifyg – u,fwif&Sif\*kPft*Fgvu©Pmrsm;udk arG;jrLusihfoHk;&mwGif oifwdkY udk,fwdkifESihf om;orD;rsm;twGuf &Tifvef;csrf;ajrhzG,fjzpfaom tdrfaxmif wnfaxmif&rnfh0wå&m;udk b,ftcgrQowdrvpfygESihf/ c&pfawmfudk tdrfaxmifxJodkYac:aqmifxm;vQif oifwdkYonf trSm;ESihftrSefudk cGJjcm; odjrifMuvdrfhrnf/ om;orD;rsm;wdkYonfvnf; ajzmihfrwfaomopfyif rsm;taejzihf &yfwnfvsuf&SdNyD; 0dnmOfawmftoD;rsm;oD;Mu&ef ulnD rpEdkifMurnf/

         b0toufwmwGif ‘ku©rsm;zdpD;vTrf;rdk;ívmaumif;vmay vdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf’ku©qdkonfrSm vlom;wdkYawGUqHk&jrJ”r®wmwpfckyif jzpfygonf/ wdrfvTmzHk;tkyfxm;onfhtvm; om,mrIuif;rJhaomaeY&uf udk&ifqdkif&apumrl onf;cHjcif;w&m;? aus;Zl;w&m;ESihfarwåmw&m; tm;jzihf 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef; jcif; w&m;udk&,lyg/

         ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;aetdrfjzpfapum &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufzG,faompum; rsm;udk tjrJwapajymqdkí u½kPmw&m;vufudkifxm;vsuf ,Ofaus; odrfarGUjcif;ESihf arwåmw&m;udef;atmif;aomtdrfjzpfygap/

         tdrfaxmif\pnf;urf;udk oHBudrfvHk;yrm rwif;rmapbJ OmPft ajrmftjrifjzihfvnf;aumif;? arwåmjzihfvnf;aumif; BuD;Muyf uGyfuJoifhyg onf/ om;orD;wdkYonf arwåmjzihftkyfcsKyfjcif;udk vdkvm;pGmvdkufemMu vdrfh rnf/ oif\om;orD;wdkYtm; tvsOf;oifhwdkif;csD;rGrf;yg/ olwdkY\t oufwm udk wwfEdkiforQaysmf&Tifp&mjzpfapyg/ arwåmu½kPmudk

                        tdrfaxmif\ywf0ef;usif                7

xif&Sm;apjcif;tm;jzihf olwdkY\ESvHk;om;udk aysmhaysmif;apyg/ odkYrSom olwdkY\ESvHk;om;onf or®mw&m;rsKd;aphtwGuf toifhjzpfxm;NyD;jzpf vdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;onf ajrBuD;ay:odkY rdk;wdrfESihfa&udkomay;onf r[kwf? wifhw,fvSyí &Tifvef;aomaea&mifjcnfudkygay;jcif;tm;jzihf opfaphuav;rsm;udk tyifaygufapvsuf yef;yGifhuav;rsm;udkvnf; yGihfvmaponfudk owdûyyg/ om;orD;wdkYtm; tjypfudkazmfjyqHk;r oGefoifay;jcif;ûyonfomru arwåmu½kPma½SUxm;í tm;ay; csD;rGrf;yg/

         oifwdkY\tdrfaxmifrsm;wGif pdwf0rf;uGJrIr&Sdap&m/ txufrS oufa&mufaomynmrlum; a&S;OD;pGmpifMu,f\/ xdkrSwpfyg; toifh apmihfaewwf\/ jznf;nif;aomoabm&Sd\/ aoG;aqmifvG,f\/ u½kPmESihfvnf;aumif;? aumif;usKd;ESihfvnf;aumif;jynfhpHk\/ vspfvsL½I aompdwf&Sd\/ vQKdU0Sufjcif;ESihfuif;pif\/ toifhtwifhaeapjcif;iSm ûypkwwfaomolwdkYonf ajzmihfrwfjcif;w&m;ü rsKd;aphudkNidrfoufpGm MuJwwfMu\/ uREfkyfwdkY\tdrfaxmifrsm;twGuf toifhtwihfaexdkif jcif;ESihfNidrfoufjcif;&Sd&ef uREfkyfwdkYtaeESihf tvdk&SdMuonf/

       csnfaESmifwwfonfhodrfarGUaomaESmifêud; – tdrfaxmif a&;qdkif&maESmifêud;onf t&if;ESD;qHk;? todrfarGUqHk;ESihftoefY&Sif;qHk; jzpfonf/ ,if;aESmifêud;udk vlom;wdkYtwGuf r*Fvmwpf&yftaejzihf &yfwnfap&ef &nfpl;xm;awmfrlonf/ xdrf;jrm;r*Fvmy#dnmOfudk OmPf ynmtajrmftjrif&SdpGmjzihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifudkaMumuf½GHU½dkao aompdwfjzihfvnf;aumif; ,if;\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk todpdwf”mwfjzihf vnf;aumif;ûyvkyfvQif 0rf;ajrmufzG,faumif;aom tusKd;aus;Zl;wpf&yf jzpfayonf/

                                          pHjytdrfaxmif                          8

         tdrfaxmifwdkif;onf cspfjcif;arwåmxGef;um;aomae&m? bk&m; ocif\aumif;uifwrefrsm;pHaysmf&mt&yfjzpfvsuf rdbwdkYESihfom;orD; rsm;wdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udk El;nHhodrfarGUí atmifjrifEdkifeif;aomMoZm oufa&mufrIjzihf ûyjyifay;aomae&mjzpfoifhayonf/

         uREfkyfwdkY\tdrfaxmifrsm;udk aAovt&yfjzpfap&efvnf; aumif;? uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;udk;uG,f&mt&yfjzpfap&efvnf;aumif; aqmif&Guf& rnf/ bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfarG;jrLodkavSmifxm;aom pdwfESvHk;wGifNidrf oufjcif;? tvif;ESihf0rf;ajrmufjcif;wnf;[laom r*Fvmrsm;BuD;xGm;&ifh oefvmrnf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;a½SUwGif arwåmjzihfcsjyí ]]bk&m;ocifonf b,fuJhodkY rdefY`rGufxm;awmfrloenf;}} [laom ar;cGef;udkar;yg/

       c&pfawmf&SdvQiftdrfom,m\ – arwåmu½kPmESihfodrfarGUjcif;wdkYjzihf jynfh0í om,maomtdrfaxmifodkY aumif;uifwrefrsm;0ifa&muf vnfywf &ef ESpfoufMu\/ bk&m;ocif \bkef;awmfudkvnf; xif&Sm; ap\/ om;orD;rsm;touft &G,fi,fpOf tcsdefumvwGif owd0D&d,jzihf tkyfxdef; aomc&pf,meftdrfaxmifü w&m;vufvGwfjzpfjcif;? azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;\ ab;tEÅ&m,frS {uefrk cstuG,ftum &&Sdrnf jzpfygonf/ xdkuJhodkYaomtdrf axmif\om; orD;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\rdb rsm;udkomru aumif;uifbHk&Sdcrnf;awmf bk&m;ocifudkyg OD;ñTwf jrwfEdk;Muvdrfhrnf/

         avmu\npfnrf;aomMoZmoufa&mufrIwdkYonf om;orD; wdkYtm; xdcdkufrIr&Sdap&ef olwdkYESihfavmupyfMum;wGif cdkifrmawmihfwif; aomtumt qD;udk ,if;wdkYi,fpOft&G,frSpí aqmufwnfxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/

                                    tdrfaxmif\ywf0ef;usif                      9

         c&pf,mefrsm;\pifMu,fjrihfjrwfaumif;rGefjcif;wdkYudk urÇm BuD;tm; c&pf,meftdrfaxmifu xif&Sm;pGmjyooifhMuayonf/ rdbwdkY onf olwdkY\ tdrfaxmifrsm;udk usihf0wfqdkif&m’kp½dkufESihfvHk;0 uif;&Sif; atmifaqmif&Guf &efwm0ef&SdaMumif; od&Sdem;vnfoifhMuayonf/

         bk&m;ociftm;½dkaojrwfEdk;pGmcdkvIHjcif;onf tdrfaxmifudk NyD;jynfh pHkap\/ rdbESihfom;orD;wdkYonf bk&m;ocifESihfrdwfo[m,ûy&ef udk,fudk ûyjyifqHk;rMu&rnf/ rdrdwdkYtaetxdkif? tusihf”avhrsm;onf bk&m;ocif xm;&Sdawmfrlaom tMuHtpnfESihfvdkufavsmnDaxG&rnf/

         rdom;pkqufqHa&;onf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fap&rnf/ c&pf,mef tdrfaxmifrsm;udk wnfaxmifjcif;ESihfBuD;Muyfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfESihfudkufnDygu c&pf,meftusihfpm&dwåwnfaqmufa&;twGuf tHhMozG,faomtaxmuftuljzpf\/ bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf; omvQif vlom;wdkY\arwåmw&m;udk jrihfjrwfoefYpifapEdkifaomaMumihf rdbESihfom; orD;wdkYonfyl;aygif;&ef bk&m;ociftm; 0wfûyudk;uG,f &rnf/

         tdrfaxmifom;wdkif;onf rdrdvuf0g;uyfwkdifudkxrf;vsuf ocifa,½IOD;aqmifac:&modkY vdkufavQmufEdkiftHhiSm c&pf,meftdrfaxmif wdkif;\a&S;OD;vIyf&Sm;rIvkyfief;rSm ,if;tdrfaxmifwGif c&pfawmfü&Sdonfh pdwfoabmxm;rsKd;udk arG;jrLxm;&Murnfjzpfonf/

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