Zo Phualva Thupuak Vol 07, Issue 26

Kum Thak Thupha note tungah hong tum kim ciat ta hen! Kum Thak ni pen Tapidaw sung le apua lamah ahi zong in kumpi zumkhak in kizang a, nasep khempeuh pan tawlnga in pawi kibawl hi.
A Kibawl Cilna te:
Tua bang a Kum Thak pawi a kibawl pen a beisa kum tullom 4 lai in Babylon te in na zang khin uh hi. Amau in Vernal Equinox(khuakhal kipat, Euator tungah ni tang in sun le zan kikim) hun in bawl uh hi. Pawipi nasia tak kham uh a, anlak zawh lungdamkohna in Sumerian kammal Akitu cih min zang uh a, pasian biakna tuamtuam tawh ni 11 sung bawl uh hi. Tua bek lo-in Babylon tuipi nusian Tiamat tungah van pasian Marduk gualzawhna pawi zong ci uh hi.
Hun sawtpi sung Civilization khanzia tawh kizui in kumthak pawi ahun tuamtek in kibawl ciat hi. Egypt te in kum sim in Nile guntui a khan ni lah ahi aksi Sirius a suah hun tawh kituak in bawl uh hi. Sente in bel phalbi sung a nihvei khadet ni ahi Equator pan ni a kigamlat pen hun in bawl uh hi.
January 1 pen Kum Thak ni a suakna:
Bc 45 lai in ah, Julian Calendar a ki zat khit phet in January 1 ni pen kumthak ding in akhat veina le a masa pen ding in hong kizang hi. Roman te kumpi hong suah khit a sawt lo in Julius Ceasar in Roman Calendar pen a dinmun sia leh amanlang thei pen a puah phat kul hi cih hong khensat hi. Kum zabi 7 (7th century BC) lai a hong ki bawl khia Roman Calendar in Lunar Cycle, khapi a tan dan lim leh mel tawh ni te a ki khinn dan, pen zui sawm hi napi in, khuahun te tawh ki tuak thei lo zel a hihman in puah phat kul hi. Tua ciang in Pontifices ki ci Roman kipawlna te tung ah Calendar sit theihna thu a neihna uh pen zang khial zel uh hi. Tua kipawlna te in gamvai a hih kei leh kiteel na vai khawng tawh ni te a ut bang ua behlap ziauziau uh hi.
Caesar in Calendar thak hong bawl ciang in Sosigenes a kici Alexandrian aksi lam mipil ( astronomer) tawh hong bawl khawm hi. Sosigenes in Caesar kiang ah Lunar cycle a zuih uh pen hemkhia sitset in Egytian te zat mah bang in  Solar year kici leitung in ni(sun) vial khat a kimvel zawh tan hun pen hong zang sak hi. Tua bang a solar year hong zuih uh ciang in a tuat uh teh kum khat in ni 365 leh ¼ ni hong suah in tua khit teh Caesar in ni 67 pen BC 45 kum ah hong behlap in BC 46 pen March kha a a kipat tang in January ni 1 ni in hong kipansak hi. Tua ciang in kum 4 hal sim in February kha sung ah ni 1 behlap na ding in thupia hi. Tua bang in hong bawl ciang in a Calendar bawl pen ama ngaihsutna tawh ki tuak in hong pai khial nawnlo hi. BC 44 kum in a ki that ma deuh in Quintilis kha pen Julius(July) ci in a ma min tap in hong khek hi. Tua khit ciang in ama za laih pa min tap in Sextilis pen Augustus(August) ci in hong ki laih leuleu hi.
Middle Ages hun lai in January ni 1 ni pen kumthak in hong kimuak zo nawn lo hi. Julian Calendar a zui tinten ten zong January 1 ni pen kumthak in hong zang thei lo uh hi, a hang a ki kankan ciang in Caesar leh Sosigenes te in leitung in ni vial khat a kimkot hun a tuat uh pen hong man lo hi. Ni 365.242199 ding pen ni 365.25 in a mau na tuat kha uh a hih man in kum 1 ciang in minutes 11 hong val hi. Kum 1000 ciang in ni 7 leh 15th century ciang in ni 10 tak hong val hi.
Hih thubuai pen Roman pawlpi te’n hong thei ciang in 1570s kum in Pope Gregory XIII in Jesuit vanlam siam khat ahi Christopher Clavius kiang ah Calendar thak bawl ding in hong sawl hi. 1582 kum in Gregorian Calendar pen hong kizang in tua kum mah in ni 10 hong hemkhia uh hi. Kum 400 sial in tua kum lak ah kum 1 pen leap year hi ding hi cih thu hong pia hi. Tua hun a kipan in mun tuamtuam a mi te in January ni 1 ni pen man tak in Kum Thak in hong zang thei ta hi.
Kum Thak muakdante:
Gam tuamtuam ah Kum Thak muakna pen December 31 zan pan kipan in January 1 zingsang cil hun pawl in bawl ciat uh hi. Amau lunggulhna tawh gualnopna a zong te in ong pai ding kum sungah thupha a luan theih nading in sa leh nektawm theih tuamtuam ne in dawn ciat uh hi. Spain leh Spanish kampau a zang te omna ah thupha a luan theih nading in zankim a tun ma in lenggah bomte kongkhak ah khai in sukham thei zel uh hi. Mun dang tuamtuam ah sum le pai lam ah daupai theih na’ng in be (legume) te meh in zangh uh a, US ah bel bepum vom(black-eyed peas) kizangh hi.
Zo Phualva Thupuak Vol 07, Issue 26: Kum Thak Thupha!Norway leh Sweden lamah bel buh leh almond gah hel in ne uh hi. Netherland, Mexico leh Greek gamte ah bel kutbulh kual bang a kibawl cake leh moh tuamtuam te bawl uh hi. Ref: The History.com
Thupilte:
@Nuntakna pen aciim t’a dingin suunmang, mihai t’a dingin kimawlna, a hau t’a dingin ciamnuihna leh a zawng te adingin tuahsiatna hi. Sholom Aleichem
@Nuntakna in la hi – sa in; kidemna hi – kimawl in; tona hi – masuan in; suunmang hi – taksuak sakin; kipumpiakna hi – piakhia in; itna hi- nuamtakin zangh in. Sai Baba
@Hih leitung ah gualzawhna na ngah nop leh amaute nu ahi nopsakna(luxury) na thah masak kul hi. Cicero
@Ka nuntakna pen ka thupuak hi. Mahatma Gandhi
@A thupi pen i nuntakna thu in midangte huh ding ahi hi. Na huh zawh kei leh zong, buaisak kei hamtang in. Dalai Lama
@Nuntakna thupi nasak leh na hun mawkbei sak ken, hun panin nuntakna ki lamto hi. Bruce Lee
@Lai thei napi a laibu hoih a sim ngeilote, lai theilote tawh kilamdanna omlo hi. –Mark Twain
@Lai lam a kinlo gam/minam pen kiamsuk lam manawh hi cih hong lak hi. –Goethe
@I pumpi adingin exercise pen i khuak adingin laisim hi. – Richard Steele
@I kipilsak(educate) kei leh a haisa in piang I hihi. –Rev. Job Thawngno
@Mipil tungtuang khat ii pilna thusim na theih nop leh a laibu simte min dong in. –Ralph Waldo Emerson
@Limlang pen mittaw khat adingin a manphatna a omloh mah bangin, Laibu pen mihai khat adingin a manphatna omlo hi. ~ Chanakya
@Ama gihna(weight) zah laibu a sim khin mi pen ngaihsut huai nawnlo hi. -Unknown
@Kha thum sung laisim hetlo a i om pen phamawh lo a, a phamawh zaw in kha thum sung laisim hetlo a i om nungin phamawh i sak hetlohna pen hi. -Jim Rohn
@Lai tam na sim leh tam na thei ding a, tam na theih leh na pil sem ding hi. -Dr. Suess
@Laibu hoih i sim khempeuh pen kum zalom tampi lai a mipil pente tawh kihona hi. -Rene Descartes